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Fate of Pesticides in Tropical Soils of Brazil under Field Conditions

^a Inst. of Soil Science and Soil Geography, University of Bayreuth, D-95440 Bayreuth, Germany
^b Projeto Ecologia do Gran Pantanal, Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, 78060 Cuiabá, MT, Brazil

View larger version (53K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic diagram of the wick lysimeter.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Dissipation of metolachlor in topsoil (0–8 cm) of Ustox and Psamments soils (error bars denote standard errors, n = 3).

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Leaching of pesticides in the soil profile in percent of the applied amount (error bars denote standard errors, n = 3).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Relationship between water solubility and the portion of pesticide (in percent of the applied amount) leached beyond 10 cm soil depth at 14 d after application (AC, alachlor; AZ, atrazine; ES, endosulfan ; MC, metolachlor; SZ, simazine; TN, trifluralin).

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Mean precipitation (n = 6) and cumulative amount of percolate in free-draining lysimeters on Ustox and Psamments soils (35 cm soil depth, n = 3), error bars denote standard errors.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Cumulative leaching and concentrations of pesticides in lysimeter percolate of free-draining lysimeters (35 cm soil depth), error bars denote standard errors (n = 3).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Relationship between the mean pesticide concentrations in free-draining lysimeters (35 cm soil depth) and the Groundwater Ubiquity Score (GUS = log(t0.5)[4 - log(KOC)]), according to Gustafson (1989) (AC, alachlor; AZ, atrazine; CF, chlorpyrifos; ES, endosulfan ; MC, metolachlor; MF, monocrotofos; SZ, simazine; TN, trifluralin); p < 0.05 for both regressions.