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Impact of Methylene Chloride on Microorganisms and Phenanthrene Mineralization in Soil

Graduate Group in Ecology and Dep. of Land, Air and Water Resources, One Shields Ave., Univ. of California at Davis, Davis, CA 95616-8627

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Rank abundance diagram of radioactivity in 0.1-gram soil subsamples. Twenty grams dry weight soil was spiked with 100 ng/g phenanthrene in either 20 µL (), 100 µL (), or 500 µL () methylene chloride.

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Degradation of 25 ng/g (A) and 100 ng/g (B) phenanthrene spiked in 20 µL (), 100 µL (), or 500 µL (•) methylene chloride. Error bars represent two standard deviations.

View larger version (7K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Correspondence analysis of PLFA patterns of soils spiked with 100 ng/g phenanthrene; c = day 0. The first part of the number describes the volume of methylene chloride used to add phenanthrene to 20 g of soil. The end of the number refers to the number of days after phenanthrene addition that the soil was sampled (i.e., 201 = 20 µL of methylene chloride sampled one day after phenanthrene addition).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Molar ratios of saturated to unsaturated fatty acids in soils spiked with 100 ng/g phenanthrene. All samples, except the before sample, were taken one day after the phenanthrene was added to soil. Numbers refer to the quantity, in µL per g of soil, of methylene chloride used to deliver phenanthrene. Error bars equal two standard deviations. Significant differences ( = 0.05) only exist between treatments labeled with different letters.

View larger version (11K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Loadings of fatty acids in correspondence analysis of PLFA pattern from soils exposed to different doses of methylene chloride. The loadings describe the impact of individual values (i.e., PLFAs) on the separation between the treatments (i.e., methylene chloride dosage and sample time). Correspondence analysis of samples is shown in Figure 3.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Nano moles of the fatty acids 14:0 iso (top) and 15:0 anteiso (bottom) extracted from soil. C= soil before experiment was started, 0 = soil to which neither phenanthrene nor methylene chloride was added, 1, 5, 25, and 125 = soils to which 100 ng/g phenanthrene was added in 1, 5, 25 or 125 µL/g methylene chloride, respectively. Significant differences ( = 0.05) only exist between treatments labeled with different letters.