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The Influence of Vegetation on Sedimentation and Resuspension of Soil Particles in Small Constructed Wetlands

JORDFORSK (Norwegian Centre for Soil and Environmental Research), Frederik A. Dahls vei 20, N-1432 Aas, Norway

View larger version (37K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Watersheds of Constructed Wetlands A, B, C, and D are dominated by forest. The CWs are located in the stream, close to the letter.

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Schematic diagram of a constructed wetland showing location of sedimentation traps (1–6) and sites for composite water sampling in the inlet and outlet (#). Sedimentation plates were located near Sediment Traps 4, 5, and 6.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Diagram of sedimentation trap used in this study.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Seasonal changes in hydraulic load and suspended sediment concentration at the inlet and outlet of Constructed Wetland A (1, December–February; 2, March–May; 3, June–August; 4, September–November; #, missing value).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. The annual percentage of sediments in traps that exceeds sediments on plates in the upper part. In the lower part, sediments on plates exceed that on traps (±P = 0.05, confidence interval). Data from all constructed wetlands (CWs).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Development of vegetation cover in the four constructed wetlands.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Hydraulic load and suspended sediment concentration per composite sampling episode, at the inlet and outlet of Constructed Wetland A, in autumn 1991 and 1993 (#, missing value).

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. The influence of vegetation cover on soil particle retention in four constructed wetlands (CWs) in summer (a, May–October), and in two CWs in the winter (b, November–April), according to composite sample data.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. As an example of sediment deposition in Constructed Wetland (CW) A in the delta area in the inlet (d), the sedimentation basin (s), and the wetland filter (f), based on sedimentation trap data.

View larger version (39K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Annual mean sedimentation in the wetland filters based on sedimentation plate data in the four constructed wetlands (CWs).

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 11. Annual average resuspension of sediment in the wetland filters.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 12. Rotated two-factor analyses, where hydraulic load (1) and vegetation covers (2) in constructed wetlands (CWs) influence soil particle retention (3), clay content (4), and resuspension of soil particles (5).