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Herbicide Transport to Surface Waters at Field and Watershed Scales in a Mediterranean Vineyard Area

Laboratory of Soil Science, INRA, 2 place Viala, 34060 Montpellier Cedex 1, France

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Transversal section and location of monitoring sites on the Roujan watershed.

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Average topsoil concentrations of diuron and simazine for no-till and tilled fields, 1997. Error bars indicate ±1 standard deviation.

View larger version (33K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Observed values of daily rainfall (a), runoff recorded at the outlet of the no-till field (b) and tilled field (c), and average concentrations in diuron (d) and simazine (e) during runoff events on the no-till and tilled fields, 1997. Dashed line indicates the analytical limit of detection. Concentrations under this detection limit were set to 0.025 µg L-1 for graphical representation.

View larger version (42K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Event losses of diuron and simazine and cumulative losses of herbicides and storm flow volume for both fields (a and b) and watershed (c) during the monitoring period, 1997. Note that cumulative losses are expressed as the proportion of the seasonal losses.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Observed values of daily rainfall (a), watershed runoff (b), piezometric level (c), and average concentrations in diuron (d) and simazine (e) in storm flow, baseflow, and ground water, 1997. Dashed line indicates the analytical limit of detection. Concentrations under this detection limit were set to 0.025 µg L-1 for graphical representation.

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Comparison of average concentrations in diuron (a) and simazine (b) during runoff events at the outlets of the two fields and the watershed, 1997.