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Atrazine, Isoproturon, Mecoprop, 2,4-D, and Bentazone Adsorption onto Iron Oxides

Department of Geology and Geotechnical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 204, DK-2800 Lyngby, Denmark

View larger version (89K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images of iron oxides. (A) Two-line ferrihydrite, (B) goethite, and (C) lepidocrocite. The scale bar in the SEM images is 200 nm (Clausen and Fabricius, 2000).

View larger version (29K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. X-ray (CoK) diffractograms of synthesized iron oxides. Fresh denotes that the measurements were performed on freshly precipitated material, and aged denotes that the measurements were performed on the same material after storage in suspension for more than 1 yr. G denotes goethite, L denotes lepidocrocite.

View larger version (12K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Structural formulae of herbicides used in sorption studies.

View larger version (22K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Langmuir adsorption isotherms shown on a linear scale for the sorption of 2,4-D, mecoprop, and bentazone on iron oxides. The corresponding Langmuir parameters are listed in Table 3. Error bars indicate standard deviation (may be covered by the symbols).

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Linear adsorption isotherms shown on a log scale for the sorption of 2,4-D, mecoprop, and bentazone on iron oxides, and adsorption distribution coefficients (Kd values) obtained from screening experiments with an initial pesticide concentration of 250 µg/L (1.04–1.21 µmol/L). Error bars indicate standard deviation (may be covered by the symbols).

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Adsorption distribution coefficients (Kd values) obtained at an initial pesticide concentration of 250 µg/L (1.04–1.21 µmol/L) for 2,4-D, mecoprop, and bentazone on iron oxides as a function of pH in solution. Error bars indicate standard deviation (may be covered by the symbols).

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Adsorption distribution coefficients (Kd values) obtained at an initial pesticide concentration of 250 µg/L (1.04–1.21 µmol/L) for 2,4-D, mecoprop, and bentazone on iron oxides as a function of the CaCl2 concentration. The solution conditions are: temperature = 10°C and pH 4.6 ± 0.1. Error bars indicate standard deviation (may be covered by the symbols).