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Pesticide Risk Reduction on Crops in the Province of Ontario

^a Dep. of Environmental Biology, Univ. of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada N1G 2W1
^b IPM Program, Selby Hall, Ohio State Univ., Wooster, Ohio, 44691

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Formula for calculating the Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) for individual pesticides (Kovach et al., 1992). The solid box is the Farmworker component, the dotted box is the Consumer component, and the dashed box is the Ecological component.

View larger version (45K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Pesticide use (kg x 106 of active ingredient) on agricultural crops in the Province of Ontario from 1973 to 1998. Pesticide use on fruits in 1973 includes both fruits and vegetables.

View larger version (53K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Area (ha x 106) of agricultural crops in the Province of Ontario from 1973 to 1998.

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Mean application rate (kg ha-1) of pesticides on the agricultural crops with the highest pesticide use in the Province of Ontario from 1973 to 1998.

View larger version (41K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Amount (kg x 106) of each type of pesticide used on agricultural crops in the Province of Ontario from 1973 to 1998.

View larger version (46K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Environmental Impact (EI x 106) of agricultural crops in the Province of Ontario from 1973 to 1998. The EI on fruits in 1973 includes both fruits and vegetables, and was estimated using the average Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ) for the pesticide types as described in the Methods section.

View larger version (49K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Mean Environmental Impact Quotient (EIQ), or EI per kilogram of pesticide, for the agricultural crops with the highest pesticide use in the Province of Ontario from 1973 to 1998.

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 8. Pesticide use (kg) per tonne of yield for the agricultural crops with the highest pesticide use in the Province of Ontario from 1973 to 1998.

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 9. Yield (tonnes ha-1) versus the mean application rate (kg ha-1) for pesticides on agricultural crops in the Province of Ontario from 1973 to 1998.

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 10. Pesticide use (kg) per Canadian dollar of crop value for agricultural crops in the Province of Ontario from 1973 to 1998. Crop values (Canadian dollars) were adjusted to 1983 dollars.