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Spray Drift of Pesticides Arising from Aerial Application in Cotton

^a Centre for Pesticide Application and Safety, Univ. of Queensland, Gatton, Queensland 4343, Australia
^b Food Science Australia, Werribee, Victoria

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Droplet size (volume median diameter [VMD]) generated by a Micronair AU5000 applying two formulations of endosulfan (ultra low volume [ULV] and low volume [LV]) at two airspeeds (51 and 67 m/s). Measured with a Malvern 2600 Laser Droplet Analyser in a windtunnel.

View larger version (31K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Malvern laser volume median diameter (VMD) values for the CP nozzle spraying endosulfan emulsifiable concentrate (EC) at 20 L/ha, measured at two airspeeds and two deflector angles to the airstream. Lines represent D[v,0.9] to D[v,0.1] interval (i.e., the width of the spectrum).

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Airborne drift values measured using towers placed 100 m downwind of endosulfan low volume (LV) and large droplet placement (LDP) single-flight-line applications, normalized against simultaneous ultra low volume (ULV) applications.

View larger version (23K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Downwind deposition values obtained on horizontal flat plates for ultra low volume (ULV) application. Data compared against Gaussian diffusion (GDM) and AgDRIFT model outputs.

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Downwind deposition values obtained on horizontal flat plates for low volume (LV) application. Data compared against Gaussian diffusion (GDM) and AgDRIFT model outputs.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Summary of transport characteristics for endosulfan insecticide, aerially applied in cotton.