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Functional Classification of Swine Manure Management Systems Based on Effluent and Gas Emission Characteristics

^a National Swine Research Center, USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011
^b National Soil Tilth Lab., USDA-ARS, Ames, IA 50011
^c Dep. of Microbiology, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Flux rate of CH4 from swine manure management systems differing in volatile solids loading rate as determined by the theoretical profile shape micrometeorological method and using the tunable diode laser method. (A) CH4 flux over a 30-h period from a swine manure lagoon (0.12 kg volatile solids d-1 m-3) and over a 25-h period for a swine manure basin (37 kg volatile solids d-1 m-3). The time period between CH4 measurements for sites was approximately 16 h and is indicated by the broken x axis. (B) One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) (t-test) for CH4 flux data and the Tukey–Kramer HSD means comparison table showing the absolute difference in the means minus the least significant difference (alpha level = 0.05)

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Cluster analysis for (A) concentration of total phosphorous versus total sulfur in effluent from 29 swine manure management systems. (B) Analysis of variance (ANOVA) (compare all pairs) for CH4 emission rate from swine manure management systems categorized according to phosphorus and sulfur concentrations and the Tukey–Kramer HSD means comparison table (alpha level = 0.05). (C) Correlation between the concentration of VOCs present in air from manure management systems versus the mean odor intensity

View larger version (20K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Gas chromatograms of volatile organic emissions from swine manure storage systems representing the four system subtypes. From top to bottom: air sample collected in a deep pit (Type 1), air sample collected over a concrete-lined basin (Type 2), air sample collected over a lagoon (Type 3), and air sample collected over a photosynthetic lagoon (Type 4). Peak reference numbers correspond to organic compounds listed in Table 3