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Tillage, Intercrop, and Controlled Drainage–Subirrigation Influence Atrazine, Metribuzin, and Metolachlor Loss

^a Crops Research Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Harrow, ON N0R 1G0
^b NWRI Environment Canada, Burlington, ON L7R 4A6
^c Dow AgroSciences, Environmental Fate, Bldg 306-Az, 9330 Zionsville Rd., Indianapolis, IN 46268

View larger version (36K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Monthly (bars) and 10-yr average (solid line) rainfall from January 1992 to May 1995 at Woodslee, ON, Canada. Arrows denote time of herbicide application

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Runoff and herbicide concentration in the runoff from May 1992 to April 1995 with either drainage (D) or controlled drainage–subirrigation (CDS). Arrows denote time of herbicide application. Vertical bars are standard error of treatment means (n = 8). Dashed lines are Canadian interim maximum acceptable concentration (triazine = 5 µg L-1 and metolachlor = 50 µg L-1)

View larger version (32K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Tile drainage and herbicide concentration in the drainage from May 1992 to April 1995 with either drainage (D) or controlled drainage–subirrigation (CDS). Arrows denote time of herbicide application. Vertical bars are standard error of treatment means (n = 8). Dashed lines are Canadian interim maximum acceptable concentration (triazine = 5 µg L-1 and metolachlor = 50 µg L-1)

View larger version (30K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Cumulative surface runoff and herbicide loss in the runoff from May 1992 to April 1995 with either drainage (D) or controlled drainage–subirrigation (CDS). Arrows denote time of herbicide application. Vertical bars are standard error of treatment means (n = 8)

View larger version (28K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Cumulative tile drainage and herbicide loss in the drainage from May 1992 to April 1995 with either drainage (D) or controlled drainage–subirrigation (CDS). Arrows denote time of herbicide application. Vertical bars are standard error of treatment means (n = 8)