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Immobilization of Nickel and Other Metals in Contaminated Sediments by Hydroxyapatite Addition

Advanced Analytical Center for Environmental Sciences, Savannah River Ecology Lab., The Univ. of Georgia, Drawer E, Aiken, SC 29802

View larger version (13K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) amendment on (A) Ni, (B) U (redrawn from Arey et al., 1999; Fig. 1), (C) PO4, and (D) pH for two sediments equilibrated in 0.02 M KCl or 0.01 M CaCl2.

View larger version (14K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Aqueous PO4 as related to (A) DOC concentration, (B) pH, and (C) Ni concentration in hydroxyapatite (HA)-amended sediments.

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) amendment on soluble (A) Ba, (B) Cd, (C) Co, and (D) Pb for two sediments equilibrated in 0.02 M KCl or 0.01 M CaCl2. Bars represent the standard deviation of the treatment means.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Effect of hydroxyapatite (HA) amendment on soluble (A) As and (B) Cr concentration for two sediments equilibrated in 0.02 M KCl or 0.01 M CaCl2. Bars represent the standard deviation of the treatment means.

View larger version (296K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Transmission electron microscope (TEM) micrographs of (A) fine-grained secondary Al/Fe-phosphate precipitates (40K magnification), (B) fine-grained, lath-shaped residual hydroxyapatite (HA) (50K magnification), and (C) typical energy dispersive x-ray (EDXA) spectrum of Ni- and U-rich secondary Al/Fe-phosphate precipitates in sediment S1 amended with 50 g kg-1 HA.

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 6. Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure (TCLP) extractable Ni in HA-amended sediments (mg Ni kg-1 sediment). The TCLP values corrected for Ni extracted during initial equilibrations are included for comparison. Dashed line represents TCLP extractable Ni for nonamended sediments that were not subjected to the initial amendment equilibrations.

View larger version (34K): [in a new window]   Fig. 7. Nickel extracted in the Mn-occluded fraction for sediment (A) S1 and (B) S2 amended with various hydroxyapatite (HA) treatment levels and equilibrated in 0.02 M KCl or 0.01 M CaCl2.