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Nutrient Movement and Removal in a Switchgrass Biomass–Filter Strip System Treated with Dairy Manure

^a USDA-ARS, Pasture Systems and Watershed Management Research Unit, Bldg. 3702, Curtin Rd., University Park, PA 16802-3702
^b Angelo State University, San Angelo, TX 76909

View larger version (24K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Schematic of field plot design and arrangement. Not to scale. O, no manure; L, low manure rate; M, medium rate; H, high rate; VH, very high rate of manure. Surface runoff was sampled only from plots O, M, and VH in each block. Soil water samplers were installed in each plot

View larger version (25K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Dry matter (DM) yields during 1995 to 1997 as a function of manure N application rate. Data are means of four replicates. RMSE, root mean square error

View larger version (27K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Changes in extractable P (using the Texas A&M extractant) in the surface 15 cm of soil as a function of manure rate and time. Data are means of four replicates. Standard error bars represent the pooled standard error from the analysis of variance and apply to all treatments within a date

View larger version (26K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Concentrations of total reactive P in surface runoff water from the manure-treated areas and vegetative filter strips. Effluent was applied on 16 Apr., 1 May, 20 May, and 25 June 1996 (Days 106, 121, 140, and 176; not shown on figure). Arrows indicate dates of effluent application in 1997. Data are means of four replicates plus one standard error

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD) in surface runoff water from the manure-treated areas and a vegetative filter strip. Data are means of four replicates. Error bars (representing the pooled SE from the analysis of variance) above the solid column apply to data from the manured area. Error bars above the open column apply to data from the filter strip area