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Phosphorus Transfer in Runoff Following Application of Fertilizer, Manure, and Sewage Sludge

^a ADAS Bridgets, Martyr Worthy, Winchester SO21 1AP, UK
^b Severn Trent Water Limited, Process Engineering, Alpha House, Warwick Technology Park, Heathcote Road, Warwick CV34 6DA, UK
^c ADAS Rosemaund, Preston Wynne, Hereford HR1 3PG, UK

View larger version (21K): [in a new window]   Fig. 1. Monitored runoff events (indicated by down arrows) in relation to daily rainfall during (a) Period 1, (b) Period 2, (c) Period 3, and (d) Period 4 following treatment application. Runoff volumes (L plot-1) collected from control plots for each event are also shown

View larger version (17K): [in a new window]   Fig. 2. Cumulative loss of total phosphorus (TP) in relation to cumulative runoff before and after treatment application in Period 1. The down arrow represents the date of treatment application. TSP, triplesuperphosphate; LCS, liquid cow manure; LDS, liquid digested sludge; DSC, dewatered sludge cake

View larger version (18K): [in a new window]   Fig. 3. Concentrations of total dissolved phosphorus (TDP) and particulate phosphorus (PP) in runoff collected in the first three storm events following treatment application in Period 1. Error bars indicate least significant difference, P < 0.05. C, control; TSP, triplesuperphosphate; LCS, liquid cow manure; LDS, liquid digested sludge; DSC, dewatered sludge cake

View larger version (19K): [in a new window]   Fig. 4. Cumulative loss of total phosphorus (TP) in relation to cumulative runoff after treatment application in Period 2. TSP, triplesuperphosphate; LCS, liquid cow manure; LDS, liquid digested sludge; DSC, dewatered sludge cake

View larger version (16K): [in a new window]   Fig. 5. Cumulative loss of total phosphorus (TP) in relation to cumulative runoff after treatment application in Period 4. TSP, triplesuperphosphate; LCS, liquid cow manure; LDS, liquid digested sludge; DSC, dewatered sludge cake. Note the logarithmic scale