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Behavior of 2,4-D in Belgian Soils¹

ABSTRACT

This investigation was conducted to determine the physicochemical parameters of soils useful in predicting the adsorption and movement of 2,4-D ([2,4-dichlorophenoxy] acetic acid) in selected soils (surface and subhorizons) from the sandy and loam regions of Belgium. A statistical analysis showed that organic matter, soil pH (surface horizons), and exchangeable aluminum (subhorizons) could be used as key characteristics in the quantitative determination of the percentage of 2,4-D adsorbed. Adsorption isotherms demonstrated that changing the initial concentration of 2,4-D in solution (0.01–10 ppm) was of negligible importance in determining key soil properties related to the percentage of 2,4-D adsorbed. Desorption data were significantly correlated (r = –0.96) with the percentage of 2,4-D initially adsorbed. The overall effect of increasing the ionic strength of the calcium chloride (CaCl₂) solution was to enhance 2,4-D adsorption. However, this effect was relatively small between 0.075 and 0.75 ionic strength. Degradation of 2,4-D added at a rate of 10 µg/g of soil (soil/solution ratio 1:1) was followed by CO₂ evolution resulting from the oxidation of [Carboxyl-¹⁴C] 2,4-D. Within 1 month of incubation, extensive degradation occurred in neutral soils, but the degradation rate was considerably lower in acid soils. Leaching experiments indicated that 2,4-D mobility was inversely related to the amount of 2,4-D adsorbed. After 62-days of leaching in a Podzol soil column, 1 m long, the recovery of 2,4.D nondegraded in the profile was only 7% of the initial application rate. No trace of the herbicide was detected in the column effluent for this period.

Key Words: pesticide • herbicide • Freundlich isotherm adsorption • desorption • degradation • leaching

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Soil Sci., Catholic Univ. of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium. This research was supported by the Institut pour l'Encouragement de la Recherche Scientifique dans l'Industrie et l'Agriculture (IRSIA).

² Post Doctoral Research Scientist, and Professor of Soil Science, respectively, Univ. of Louvain, 2, Place Croix du Sud, B-1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.

Received for publication June 7, 1979.

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				S. Hiradate, A. Furubayashi, N. Uchida, and Y. Fujii Adsorption of 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic Acid by an Andosol J. Environ. Qual., January 9, 2007; 36(1): 101 - 109. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]