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Release Characteristics of Starch Xanthide Herbicide Formulations¹

ABSTRACT

A laboratory procedure was developed using a cucumber (Cucumis sativus ‘Straight Eight’) root-length bioassay to measure the relative rate of release of herbicides entrapped in various starch xanthide (SX) matrices. SX herbicide formulations placed in vials containing deionized water were decanted periodically and evaluated by bioassay to examine herbicide released into the water. In leaching experiments, fractions of effluent were collected from glass columns containing SX herbicide formulations applied to a glass-wool pad resting on a sand bed. Collected aqueous fractions were bioassayed. The herbicides examined were salt and ester formulations of picloram (4-amino-3,5,6-trichloropicolinic acid), ester formulations of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)acetic acid], and salt formulations of dicamba (3,6-dichloro-o-anisic acid). Comparison of salt and ester starch xanthide formulations of picloram indicated that the ester formulation had a release rate three to five times slower than that of the salt formulation. Differences were noted between starch xanthide formulations of salt herbicides designated as fast and slow releases.

Key Words: picloram • 2,4-D • dicamba • slow release

¹ Cooperative investigation of Agric. Res., Sci. and Educ. Admin., USDA, and the Texas Agr. Exp. Stn., College Station, Texas.

² Plant Physiologist (deceased), USDA, Agric. Res., Sci. and Educ. Admin., Dep. of Range Sci., Texas A&M Univ., College Station, TX 77843.

Received for publication September 1, 1979.