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Instantaneous Degradation of Parathion in Anaerobic Soils¹

ABSTRACT

In flooded rice (Oryza sativa L.) culture, the pesticides are applied to rice fields after several days of submergence when the soil is already in a reduced state. Parathion (O,O-diethyl O,p-nitrophenyl phosphorothioate) was, therefore, equilibrated with soils previously reduced by flooding with water and then analyzed by isotope technique or by gas-liquid chromatography. Instantaneous surface-catalyzed degradation of parathion occurred when the insecticide was shaken for as little as 5 sec with soils prereduced by flooding. Aminoparathion was the major product of this reaction. The interaction of parathion with prereduced soil appeared to be mediated by soil enzymes and/or other heat-labile substances produced by soil anaerobiosis.

Key Words: flooded soil • insecticides • surface catalysis

¹ Contribution from the Central Rice Res. Inst., Cuttack-753006, India. This work was supported, in part, by funds from the Dep. of Sci. and Technol., Government of India, and the Div. of Tech. Assistance Program of the Int. Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.

² Research Fellows (supported by a fellowship from the Dep. of Atomic Energy, Government of India) and Soil Microbiologist, respectively.

Received for publication March 2, 1979.