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Runoff Losses of Surface-Applied Herbicides as Affected by Wheel Tracks and Incorporation¹

ABSTRACT

The effects of incorporation and wheel-track compaction on runoff losses of herbicides were determined by measuring losses of propachlor (2-chloro-N-isopropylacetanilide), atrazine [2-chloro-4-(ethylamino)-6-(isopropylamino)-s-triazine], and alachlor [2-chloro-2',6'-diethyl-N-(methoxymethyl) acetanilide] in water and sediment from small plots during 122 mm of simulated rainfall. Losses of propachlor, atrazine, and alachlor that were surface-applied to plots without wheel tracks were 3.0, 4.7, and 8.0%, respectively. Corresponding losses from plots where the herbicides were incorporated by disking were only 0.8, 1.6, and 1.7%. Hydrologic differences (more and sooner runoff) caused by wheel tracks on plots where herbicides were surface-applied increased the corresponding losses to 12.7, 18.3, and 22.1%. Although herbicide concentrations were greater in sediment than in water for all treatments, from 82 to 89% of the losses were in solution.

Key Words: best management practice • propachlor • atrazine • alachlor

¹ Journal Paper no. J-9367 of the Iowa Agric. and Home Econ. Exp. Stn., Ames, IA 50011. Project 2139.

² Associate Professor, Agricultural Engineering, Iowa State Univ., and Agricultural Engineer, USDA-SEA-AR, respectively, Ames, Iowa.

Received for publication January 22, 1979.

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