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Sorption of a Dispersed Dye by Sand and Soil¹

ABSTRACT

The sorption of monoazo dye (a dispersed dye) by sand and calcareous soil is evaluated by laboratory batch and column tests for the purpose of obtaining quantative information needed for disposing of dyeing effluent. In the batch tests, the soil samples were added to dye solutions (or dispersions) having a concentration range of 25 to 125 mg/liter. During the continuous shaking of the solutions, the amount sorbed was measured up to 18 hours. Results indicated that sand and soil sorb the dye and that the reaction is essentially complete within 3 hours. The sorption isotherm was well represented by the Langmuir equation with sorption capacities of 2.6 and 15.1 mg/g for sand and loam, respectively. Subsequent column tests indicated that a sand or soil bed can decolorize the dye solution. The mass transfer equation, considering the sorption and the convective transfer factors, simulates reasonably well the breakthrough curve in sand, but only if an adjustment is made for the reaction rate constant. A filtration mechanism appears to play a significant role in dye removal, especially in a soil bed having fine pore spaces. The sorption data obtained here are relevant to the evaluation of potential ground water contamination resulting from land disposal of dyeing effluent, as well as to the use of a sand bed for decolorization.

Key Words: textile mill effluent • waste water treatment • polyester dye • sand and soil filter

¹ Texas Agric. Exp. Stn. J. no. 14540. This program was supported in part by a fund from Farah Manufacturing Corp., El Paso, TX 79927.

² Assistant Professor and Technician, respectively. Texas A&M Res. Center, 1380 A&M Circle, El Paso, TX 79927.

Received for publication June 2, 1978.