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Metabolism of Carbofuran in Rice Straw-amended and Unamended Rice Soils¹

ABSTRACT

Degradation of carbofuran (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-benzofuranyl N-methylcarbamate) in rice straw-amended flooded soil under alternate anaerobic-aerobic conditions and ¹⁴CO₂ evolution from ring- and carbonyl-labeled ¹⁴C-carbofuran in flooded soil were studied. The addition of rice straw accelerated the hydrolysis of carbofuran to carbofuran phenol (2,3-dihydro-2,2-dimethyl-7-hydroxy benzofuran) in predominantly anaerobic flooded soil. Carbofuran phenol appeared to accumulate under continued anaerobiosis and was readily decomposed with the significant formation of unextractable ("soil bound") residues when the system was returned to aerobic conditions. Interestingly, ¹⁴CO₂ evolution from the aromatic ring in carbofuran was almost negligible, accounting for <0.3% of ring-¹⁴C even after 40 days of flooding as compared to 27% released from carbonyl-¹⁴C.

Key Words: flooded soil • anaerobic ecosystem • ¹⁴CO₂ evolution • ring cleavage

¹ Contribution from the Lab. of Soil Microbiology, Central Rice Res. Inst., Cuttack 753006, India. This work was supported, in part, by funds from the Indian Council of Agricultural Research, New Delhi.

² Research Fellow and Soil Microbiologist, respectively.

Received for publication September 28, 1978.