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Concentrations of Coumestrol and 4' ,7-dihydroxyflavone in Four Alfalfa Cultivars after Exposure to Ozone¹

ABSTRACT

Ozone can induce increases of 4' ,7-dihydroxyflavone (4' ,7-DHF) but not coumestrol in the ‘Buffalo’ alfalfa cultivar. This study was designed to determine whether these responses were unique to ‘Buffalo’ or characteristic of other alfalfa cultivars. Seven-week-old seedlings of ‘Ladak,’ ‘Sonora,’ ‘Moapa,’ and ‘Vernal’ alfalfa cultivars were exposed to 773 µg/m3 (0.40 ppm) ozone for 3 hours. Forty-eight hours after exposure, all foliage exhibiting chiorosis to extensive necrosis were harvested. Similar-aged foliage from non-ozonized control plants was also harvested. Methanolic extracts of the tissue were prepared and the presence and quantity of coumestroi and 4' ,7-DHF determined. Coumestrol was not detected in control or ozonized tissue. Nonozonized tissue was free of detectable 4' ,7-DHF. Injured foliage of all four cultivars contained elevated levels of 4' ,7-DHF as high as 91 ppm. There were no significant differences in concentrations of 4' ,7-DHF when concentrations were compared in four ozonized cultivars.

Key Words: ‘Moapa’ • ‘Sonora’ • ‘Ladak’ • ‘Vernal’ • estrogenic compounds • air pollution effects

¹ Contribution no. 1050 from the Dep. of Plant Pahtology Journal Series Paper no. 5615, The Pennsylvania Agric. Exp. Stn. and Contribution no. 518-78 of the Center for Air Environ. Studies. Dep. of Energy no. C0014331-3. This research was supported in part by Dep. of Energy Contract EE-77-S-02-4331.

² Former Visiting Scientist and Associate Professor, respectively, Dep. of Plant Pathology and Center for Air Environ. Studies, The Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA 16802. Present address of first author: Sten Sturegatan 42, Box 5207, S-402 24 Gothenburg, Sweden. Present address of second author: 211 Buckhour Lab., University Park, PA 16802.

Received for publication July 31, 1978.