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Behavior of Chromium in Soils: III. Oxidation¹

ABSTRACT

Because reduced Cr has been considered to be the stable form in soils, we were surprised to find that added trivalent Cr oxidizes readily to the hexavalent form under conditions prevalent in many field soils. The key to the oxidation appears to be the presence in the soil of oxidized Mn, which serves as the electron acceptor in the reaction. The relative ability of a soil to oxidize Cr may be predicted by measuring Mn reducible by hydroquinone, or it may be determined directly by means of a quick test in which Cr(III) is added to a fresh moist soil sample.

Oxidation of Cr by soils was not discovered earlier because the importance of studying fresh field soils, rather than crushed, dried, stored samples, was not appreciated. Plants were severely damaged by Cr(VI) formed from Cr(III) added to fresh soil samples. Hexavalent Cr still was present in a soil stored moist at 25°C for 5 mo.

Key Words: Cr transformations • Mn and Cr • Mn reduction • mobility of Cr • reduction of Cr

¹ Vermont Agric. Exp. Stn. J. Article no. 395; contribution to Northeast Regional Project 96 "Soil properties affecting sorption of heavy metals from wastes." Presented before Div. A-5, Soil Sci. Soc. Am., 14 Nov. 1977, Los Angeles.

² Professor and Graduate Fellow, respectively, Dep. of Plant and Soil Sci., Univ. of Vermont and Vermont Agric. Exp. Stn., Burlington, VT 05401.

Received for publication January 26, 1978.

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