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Bromacil in Lakeland Soil Ground Water¹

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to evaluate the probable magnitude of the problem of the leaching of pesticides into ground water under extreme conditions: a sandy soil low in organic matter, a persistent and mobile herbicide applied at a high rate, plentiful rainfall, and a water table within 6 m. Bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil) was applied at the rate of 22 kg/ha to a Lakeland sand bearing scrub vegetation of small oaks and poor grasses. Ground water (at depths ranging from 4.5 to 6 m) was sampled from bromacil residue at weekly intervals for 2 years. Residue was first found in the ground water 3 mo after application and was highest (1.25 ppm) 1 month later. Thereafter the amount declined to <0.1 ppm in about a year and <0.001 ppm in 2 years. Peaks in residues generally followed periods of increased rainfall by about 2 weeks. Residues (0.24 ppm) were still detected in the surface soil 2 years after application.

Key Words: herbicides • leaching • residues • sandhill soils • water table

¹ Contribution of the For. Serv., USDA, in cooporation with the Univ. of Florida.

² Silviculturist, USDA For. Serv., Southeast. For. Exp. Stn., Marianna, FL 32446, and Associate Professor, Pesticide Research Lab., Food Science and Human Nutrition Dep., Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, respectively.

Received for publication December 22, 1977.