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Design of an Air Pollution-Monitoring Network for Tehran¹

ABSTRACT

Tehran, like other large metropolitan areas throughout the world, is challenged by environmental problems associated with rapid growth and economic expansion. The severity of the problem in Tehran suggested that there was a need for an air-monitoring program. It was proposed that the monitoring program be time phased. The first monitoring phase began 1 year ago and involved installation of a central station. The common pollutants that have been measured in this program are sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, oxides of nitrogen, ozone, methane, nonmethane hydrocarbons, and particulates. This station has mechanical weather instruments to measure wind speed, wind direction, and temperature to obtain some information about the micrometeorology of the Tehran Basin.

The second phase will involve the installation of 10 small single stations. These stations are to be equipped with weather instruments and simple and reliable equipment for measuring NO₂, SO₂, CO, and particulates. The equipment selected includes high-volume samplers and NO₂ and SO₂ bubblers. This phase will start shortly and last for a year.

The last phase of the program will involve the design, fabrication, and installation of more sophisticated stations. The factors affecting the station siting have been studied. The information needed for the design of the equipment for any of the final stations has been investigated. The data on the trends of the ambient concentration of the main pollutants in Tehran was collected for a period of 4 mo from April through July 1976. Typical diurnal variations in the gaseous pollutant concentration and cumulative frequency distributions of these pollutants are presented in this paper.

Key Words: oxides of nitrogen • carbon monoxide • hydrocarbons • sulfur dioxide • and particulates

¹ Financial support from the Material and Energy Res. Center and the Dep. of Mech. Eng., Arya-Mehr Univ. of Technol., Tehran, Iran.

² Assistant Professors of Mech. Eng., Dep. of Mech. Eng., and Assistant Professor of Chem. Eng., Dep. of Chem. Eng., respectively.

Received for publication May 23, 1977.