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Correlation of Extractable Metals and Metal Uptake of Snap Beans Grown on Soil Amended with Sewage Sludge¹

ABSTRACT

A field study was conducted in which anaerobically digested sludge was applied to sandy Udorthentic Haploboroll soil as single applications (0, 112, 225, and 450 metric tons/ha) or as three annual sludge applications (accumulated total 0, 350, 700, and 1,400 metric tons/ha). In both cases sludge-borne trace metals removed by several chemical extractants were correlated to trace metal uptake by snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaria L., Cv. Tendergreen) and soil organic matter. A highly significant linear correlation was found between: (i) DTPA-, KNO₃-, Na₄P₂O₇-, and NH₄C₂H₃O₂-extractable Zn and Zn concentrations in edible bean tissue, bean leaf tissue, and organic matter; (ii) DTPA-, Na₄P₂O₇-, and NH₄C₂H₃O₂-extractable Cu and Cd and their concentrations in edible bean tissue and organic matter; (iii) DTPA-, Na₄P₂O₇-, and NH₄C₂H₃O₂-extractable Ni and Pb and organic matter; and (iv) Na₄P₂O₇-extractable Cr and organic matter. Pyrophosphate extracted the highest percent of applied metal, except for Ni where the Na₄P₂O₇ and DTPA extracted approximately equal quantities. Except for Cr, a highly significant correlation was observed between Na₄P₂O₇ and DTPA or NH₄C₂H₃O₂-extractable metal. A highly significant linear correlation was found for the 4-year period between DTPA-extractable Zn and Cu and their concentrations in edible bean tissue, bean leaf tissue, and organic matter. For the single application series the maximum percentage of applied Zn and Cu was extracted during the second year.

Key Words: cadmium • chromium • copper • lead • nickel • zinc • DTPA • soil testing

¹ Contribution from the Soil and Water Manage. Res. Unit, North Central Region, SEA, U.S. Dep. of Agric. and the Minnesota Agric. Exp. Stn., St. Paul, MN 55108, Pap. no. 9926, Sci. J. Set.

² Associate Professor, Univ. of Minnesota, Morris; Research Soil Scientist, SEA-USDA, and Associate Professor, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul; and Research Soil Scientist, SEA-USDA, and Professor, Univ. of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minn., respectively.

Received for publication September 17, 1977.