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Fate of 2,4-D in a Naff Silt Loam Soil¹

ABSTRACT

Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the adsorption, desorption, hydrolysis, and breakdown of commercially formulated isooctyl ester and dimethylamine salt of 2,4-D [(2,4-dichlorophenoxy) acetic acid] in a Naff silt loam soil. More 2,4-D was adsorbed to the surface soil than to soil at lower depths, and the percentage of 2,4-D adsorbed decreased as the total amount of 2,4-D present increased. Adsorbed 2,4-D was gradually desorbed from soil by successively exchanging the solution in equilibrium with soil with distilled water. Formulated 2,4-D isooctyl ester applied to moist soil underwent hydrolysis to the anionic form at a rapid rate, with >80% of the ester hydrolyzed in 72 hours. High amounts of 2,4-D in runoff (sediment and water) retarded the active degradation of carboxyl-¹⁴C 2,4-D when 2,4-D was incubated in runoff from a wheat field treated with various formulations and rates of 2,4-D. The presence of the ester formulation at the high rate of application increased the lag period before degradation of carboxyl-¹⁴C and ring-¹⁴C 2,4-D occurred in soil. However, once the active breakdown of carboxyl-¹⁴C and ring-¹⁴C 2,4-D was initiated, little difference could be detected in the degradation patterns. At the end of the 10 weeks of incubation in runoff or in soil, only 1% of the ¹⁴C-2,4-D originally applied to the soil could be identified as 2,4-D.

Key Words: 2,4-D dimethylamine salt • 2,4-D isooctyl ester adsorption • desorption • hydrolysis • breakdown • runoff

¹ Contribution from the Dep. of Agronomy and Soils, Washington State Univ., Pullman, WA 99163. Sci. Pap. no. 4638, College of Agric. Res. Center, Proj. 1811.

² Former Graduate Research Assistant and Professor of Soils, respectively. The senior author is now District Weed Specialist, Univ. of Nebraska Panhandle Station, Scottsbluff, NE 69361.

Received for publication April 13, 1977.

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