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Effects of Soil, Cover Crop, and Nutrient Source on Amounts and Forms of Phosphorus Movement Under Simulated Rainfall Conditions¹

ABSTRACT

Three soils (Toledo silty clay, Rossmoyne silt loam, and Wauseon sandy loam) in greenhouse microplots were treated with chemical, chemical + straw, and manure sources of N, P, and K, cropped or left bare, and subjected to simulated rainfall. Phosphorus moving in runoff sediments, runoff solution, and leachate was measured. Most P moved as a component of sediments. Cropping decreased sediment and solution losses while manure generally increased losses in both. Most P moving in runoff solution was inorganic. However, except where percolation swept inorganic P downward without reaction with the soil, most P moving in leachate was organic. Fractionations of soil P revealed that P treatments increased the HN₄Cl- and NH₄F-extractable fractions markedly, had less effect on the NaOH-extractable fraction, and had still less effect on the H₂SO₄-extractable and organic fractions. All phosphorus sources markedly increased the equilibrium P concentrations (EPC) of all soils. Manure increased EPC more than the other sources in the Rossmoyne and Wauseon soils. The tendency for more sediment P to be lost from manure and for manure-treated soil to mobilize P into solution makes erosion control especially important, if much manure is to be applied to soils, and if eutrophication of surface waters is to be minimized.

Key Words: runoff • leachate • erosion • manure • fertilizers • pollution water quality

¹ Approved for publication as J. Article no. 146-76 of OARDC, Wooster, OH 44691.

² Former, Graduate Associate, Professor, Former Graduate Associate, and Associate Professor, respectively.

Received for publication May 9, 1977.