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The Movement of Sewage Effluent through Soil Columns: The Major Ions (Na, Ca, Mg, Cl, and SO₄)¹

ABSTRACT

Sewage effluent was leached through columns of the A, B, and C horizons of a loamy sand, and the A horizon of a clay. Neither temperature (7, 13, or 18°C) nor method of application (flood or trickle irrigation) affected the passage of sodium, calcium, magnesium, chloride, and sulfate ions. The breakthrough curves differed considerably from theoretical curves. The anions appeared much earlier in the leachate of the columns than predicted due to incomplete mixing between the sewage effluent and the soil solution. The breakthrough curves of the cations were affected by the incomplete mixing, the initial levels of the exchangeable and soluble cations, and the increase in the sum of exchangeable (Na + K + Ca + Mg).

Key Words: miscible displacement • anion exclusion • incomplete mixing • cation exchange • precipitation

¹ Contribution from the Saskatchewan Inst. of Pedol., Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (Canada S7N OWO). Publ. R205. Financial support from the Saskatchewan Dep. of the Environ. is gratefully acknowledged.

² Professor, Dep. of Soil Sci.

Received for publication March 17, 1977.