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Solubility and Plant Uptake of Cadmium in Soils Amended with Cadmium and Sewage Sludge¹

ABSTRACT

Adsorption and precipitation of Cd²⁺ in soil suspensions were investigated as possible factors controlling Cd²⁺ levels in soils. Both adsorption of Cd²⁺ onto soils surfaces and possibly precipitation of cadmium minerals were evident in this study. At low cadmium levels solubility relationships in soils are best described by adsorption and fit the empirical Freundlich adsorption isotherm. Based on current thermodynamic data the solid phases CdCO₃ (log K_sp = –12.07) and Cd₃(PO₄)₂ (log K_sp = –32.61) most likely limit Cd²⁺ activities in soils. Under alkaline conditions, Cd²⁺ activity decreased approximately 100-fold for each unit increase in pH. In this study, CdCO₃ precipitated in sandy soils, having low cation exchange capacity (CEC), low organic matter, and pH values >7.0.

DTPA-extractable cadmium levels in soils were highly correlated (r = 0.96) with Cd concentrations in corn (Zea mays L.) seedlings grown on soils amended with Cd solutions, sewage sludge, or Cd-spiked sewage sludge. Increasing Cd additions to the soil increased plant Cd regardless of the form of Cd added. Addition of inorganic Cd to the soil increased the Cd concentration of corn seedlings more than equivalent Cd additions in the form of sewage sludge or Cd-spiked sludge.

Key Words: adsorption • solid phase • extractable metal • pH • DTPA

¹ Supported by the Colorado State Univ. Exp. Stn. and published as Sci. Ser. Pap. No. 2134.

² Formerly Graduate Research Assistant and Professors of Soils, Dep. of Agron., Colorado State Univ., Fort Collins, CO 80521, respectively. Senior author is presently Assistant Professor of Soil, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611.

Received for publication March 12, 1976.

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