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Extractability of Copper, Zinc, Cadmium, and Lead in Soils Incubated with Sewage Sludge¹

ABSTRACT

Soils amended with sewage sludge were incubated in the laboratory and analyzed periodically by a sequential fractionation procedure for the amounts of Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb that were H₂O-soluble, KNO₃-exchangeable, and DTPA- and HNO₃-extractable. The H₂O-soluble and exchangeable metals comprised a small percentage of the total metal concentration in the sludge and in the soil-sludge mixtures incubated for 7 to 28 days. The proportion of total Cu, Zn, and Cd extracted by DTPA increased with time while this fraction remained constant with time for Pb. The relative amount of metals extracted by HNO₃ and DTPA were inversely related. The data indicated that the forms of some metals in soils amended with sludge change with time, suggesting changes in the availability of metals to plants.

Key Words: heavy metals • waste disposal

¹ Contribution from the Purdue Univ. Agric. Exp. Stn., J. Pap. No. 6122. Financial support was provided, in part, by Hatch Proj. 01743 and the Office of Water Resour. and Technol., Dep. of Interior through the Purdue Univ. Water Resour. Res. Center (Project No. B-066-IND).

² Graduate Research Assistant and Associate Professor of Agronomy, respectively, Agron, Dep., Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN 47907.

Received for publication December 11, 1975.