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The Phosphorus Status of Eutrophic Lake Sediments as Related to Changes in Limnological Conditions—Phosphorus Mineral Components¹

ABSTRACT

Studies of the relationship between limnological factors and changes in the P status of noncalcareous sediments of a eutrophic lake previously indicated that changes in sediment inorganic P were directly related to the biological productivity of the surface waters. This relationship was particularly pronounced in a shallow bay where sediment P decreased with lake phytoplankton growth and increased with their decline. The present studies were undertaken to identify the inorganic P components responsible for these changes using chemical techniques for characterization of P in sediments where changes occurred.

Release of P from sediments during periods of maximal biological productivity in the shallow bay waters was due primarily to reductions in inorganic P mineral components soluble in NaOH (0.1M) and citrate-dithionite, suggesting that P associated with hydrated Fe oxides was the principal source of P to the overlying waters and to the biota. Increases in sediment inorganic P, which occurred when phytoplankton growth diminished, were due principally to increases in P mineral components soluble in NH₄F, indicating that resorbed P was F-exchangeable and/or associated with crystalline and amorphous Al-P components. Changes in the form of sediment P which occurred in the lake and in laboratory equilibrium studies, indicated that conversion of resorbed NH₄F soluble-P to NaOH (0.1M) and citrate-dithionite soluble-P, must be a relatively long term (>2 years) process. Taken together, the NH₄F, NaOH (0.1M), and citrate-dithionite fractions accounted for approximately 85% of the seasonal variance in total inorganic P which occurred at all sampling locations in the lake system.

Key Words: iron • aluminum • organic carbon • mineralization • immobilization • phytoplankton growth

¹ Contribution from Battelle, Pacific Northwest Lab., Richland, WA 99352. The research upon which this publication is based was performed pursuent to Contract No. 14-12-508 with the Water Quality Office, Environ. Protection Agency.

² Manager, Research Specialist, and Senior Research Scientist, respectively, Environ. Chem. Section.

Received for publication May 25, 1976.

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