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Selectivity and Soil Persistence of Certain Herbicides Used on Perennial Forage Grasses¹

ABSTRACT

Several herbicides were applied in the field to the cool-season grass smooth brome (Bromus inermis Leyss.) and to three warm-season grasses, sideoats grama [Bouteloua curtipendula (Michx.) Torr.], switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and indiangrass [Sorghastrum nutans (L.) Nash] to evaluate herbicide persistence in soils supporting each of these perennial forage grasses. Herbicides were applied once and the soil was sampled to a depth of 91 cm, 4 and 16 months after application. Bioassays, with soybeans [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] as the test crop, were conducted in the greenhouse to determine the location of the herbicides in the soil profile.

Most herbicide residues 4 or 16 months after application were located in the 0- to 8-cm soil depth. Only bromacil (5-bromo-3-sec-butyl-6-methyluracil), karbutilate [tert-butylcarbamic acid ester with 3-(m-hydroxyphenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] or terbacil (3-tert-butyl-5-chloro-6-methyluracil) at high rates depressed soybean growth in soil from the 8- to 15-cm depth. Four months after herbicide application, a slight increase in soybean growth was evident in soil from the 15- to 30-cm depth where bromacil, karbutilate, or terbacil had been applied to bromegrass.

Germination of seed harvested from each grass was not affected by herbicide treatments.

Key Words: bioassay • cool-season grasses • germination • warm-season grasses

¹ Contribution of the Agric. Res. Serv., U. S. Dep. of Agric. in cooperation with the Nebraska Agric. Exp. Stn. (Pap. No. 3980).

² Research Agronomists, Agric. Res. Serv., Mandan, ND 58554 and Lincoln, NE 68503, respectively.

Received for publication November 18, 1975.