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Published in J Environ Qual 5:141-144 (1976)
© 1976 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
677 S. Segoe Rd., Madison, WI 53711 USA
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Effects of Sulfur Dioxide on Pinus resinosa Seedlings in the Cotyledon Stage1

H. Constantinidou2, T. T. Kozlowski2 and K. Jensen3

ABSTRACT

Seedlings of red pine (Pinus resinosa Ait.) in the cotyledon stage of development were exposed to four concentrations of SO2 (0.5, 1, 3, or 4 ppm) at four exposure times (15, 30, 60, or 120 minutes). Seedling development was inhibited by SO2 at all concentrations for 120 minutes and at 1.0 ppm and above for 30 minutes or longer. The adverse effects were proportional to SO2 concentration and duration of exposure. The fumigations induced chlorosis in both cotyledons and primary needles, slowed expansion of primary needles, inhibited dry weight increment of both cotyledons and primary needles, and induced necrosis of tips of cotyledons and primary needles. Growth of seedlings was inhibited more by increasing the duration of exposure to SO2 than by increasing SO2 concentration. The extreme sensitivity to SO2 of pine seedlings in the cotyledon stage suggests that their exposure to continuous fumigation in the field, even at low dosages, may adversely influence seedling development and regeneration of pine communities.

Key Words: pollution • regeneration • cotyledon stage • seedling establishment • pines • red pine

NOTES

1 Research supported by the College of Agricultural and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706 and by McIntyre-Stennis funds.

2 Research Assistant and A. J. Riker Professor, respectively, Dep. of Forestry, Univ. of Wisconsin.

3 Plant Physiologist, USDA, Forest Service, Northeastern Forest Exp. Sta., Forest Insect and Disease Lab., Delaware, OH 43015.

Received for publication August 29, 1975.




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