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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Wetlands and Aquatic Processes

Phosphorus and Greenhouse Gas Dynamics in a Drained Calcareous Wetland Soil in Minnesota

^a Dep. of Forest Resources, Univ. of Idaho, Moscow, ID 83844
^b Dep. of Soil, Water, and Climate, Univ. of Minnesota, 439 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108
^c USDA-ARS Soil and Water Management Research Unit, 439 Borlaug Hall, St. Paul, MN 55108. Research was performed at the University of Minnesota. Mention of product names is for the convenience of the reader and implies no endorsement on the part of the authors, their respective institutions, or the USDA

^* Corresponding author (erinberryman{at}vandals.uidaho.edu).

Received for publication September 15, 2008. Restoration of wetland hydrology can produce ecological benefits but may have unintended consequences. We examined effects of altered water level on release of dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP) and greenhouse gases (GHG) in soil cores from a marsh being evaluated for restoration. We also measured field concentrations of DRP and other constituents in wetland porewater. Intact cores from a sampling location with higher Fe and lower calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) contents released more DRP than another location, and displayed higher DRP under completely saturated compared to partly drained conditions. Porewater samples collected from the high-Fe location also contained higher DRP levels. Chemical data suggest that redox-driven reactions largely controlled DRP levels at the high-Fe site, while CaCO₃ adsorption was more important at the low-Fe site. Over the long term, water table elevation may attenuate P draining from the wetland due to decreased mineralization. However, such measures may increase P release in the short term. Raising the water level in soil cores resulted in decreased nitrous oxide (N₂O) emissions, increased methane (CH₄) emissions, and an overall increase in total global warming potential (GWP). The proportion of total GWP contributed by N₂O decreased from 14% to 1% as water level was raised, while the proportion contributed by CH₄ increased from 10 to 20% to 60 to 80%. Restoration of hydrology in the Rice Lake wetland has the potential to affect both local water quality and global air quality. These combined effects complicate the cost-to-benefit analysis of such wetland restoration efforts.

Abbreviations: DOC, dissolved organic carbon • DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • GHG, greenhouse gas • GWP, global warming potential