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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Organic Compounds in the Environment

Adsorption and Degradation of Ketoprofen in Soils

^a Dep. of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of California, Riverside, CA 92521
^b Key Lab. of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai Univ., Tianjin, 300071, China
^c State Key Lab. of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China. Research was performed at the Univ. of California, Riverside

^* Corresponding author (xujian{at}nankai.edu.cn).

Received for publication August 1, 2008. Ketoprofen, a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), was commonly found in treated wastewater due to its incomplete removal during sewage treatment plant processes. As treated wastewater is increasingly used for landscape irrigation, it is imperative to understand the leaching potential for ketoprofen in receiving soils. In this study, adsorption and degradation experiments were conducted in four U.S. soils with different physicochemical characteristics. Ketoprofen was not strongly adsorbed to the four soils with K_d values ranging from 1.26 to 8.24 L kg^–1, suggesting its potential to move downward with percolating water. The adsorption was positively related to the soil organic matter (OM) content (R² = 0.890). Degradation experiment showed that half-lives (t_1/2) of ketoprofen were 4.58 d in Arlington sandy loam (ASL, coarse-loamy, mixed, active, thermic Haplic Durixeralfs), 8.04 d in Hanford loamy sand (HLS, coarse-loamy, mixed, superactive, nonacid, thermic Typic Xerorthents), 15.37 d in Imperial silty clay (ISC, fine, semectitc, calcareous, hyperthermic Vertic Torrifluvents), and 27.61 d in Palouse silt loam (PSL) soil (fine-silty, mixed, superactive, mesic Pachic Ultic Haploxerolls), respectively. Degradation of ketoprofen in soils appeared to be influenced by the soil OM content. The prolonged t_1/2 by sterilization indicated that microbial degradation was the dominant pathway for ketoprofen degradation in soils, while photodegradation only contributed a small portion to the ketoprofen degradation. The t_1/2 and K_oc values were fitted to screening models to predict the leaching potential of ketoprofen in soils. It appeared that relatively high leaching potential of ketoprofen existed in ISC and PSL soils.

Abbreviations: ASL, Arlington sandy loam • EDCs, endocrine disrupting compounds • GC/MSD, gas chromatography-mass selected detector • GUS, groundwater ubiquity score • HLS, Hanford loamy sand • ISC, Imperial silty clay • MTBSTFA, N-tert-butyldimethylsilyl-N-methyltrifluoroacetamide • NSAIDs, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs • OM, organic matter • PPCPs, pharmaceuticals and personal care products • PSL, Palouse silt loam • SPE, solid-phase extraction