JEQ Journal of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Education
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Published online 6 February 2009
Published in J Environ Qual 38:598-606 (2009)
DOI: 10.2134/jeq2008.0083
© 2009 American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America
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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Effect of Covering Composting Piles with Mature Compost on Ammonia Emission and Microbial Community Structure of Composting Process

Koki Maeda*, Riki Morioka and Takashi Osada

Hokkaido Research Subteam for Waste Recycling System, National Agricultural Research Center for Hokkaido Region, National Agricultural and Food Research Organization, 1 Hitsujigaoka, Sapporo, 062-8555, Japan

* Corresponding author (k_maeda{at}affrc.go.jp).

Received for publication February 14, 2008. To control ammonia (NH3) volatilization from the dairy cattle (Bos taurus) manure composting process, a compost pile was covered with mature compost and the gas emissions evaluated using the dynamic chamber system. The peak of NH3 volatilization observed immediately after piling up of the compost was reduced from 196 to 62 mg/m3 by covering the compost pile with mature compost. The accumulation of NH4–N to the covered mature compost was also observed. Covering and mixing the compost with mature compost had no effect on the microbial community structure. However, over time the microbial community structure changed because of a decrease in easily degradable organic compounds in the compost piles. The availability of volatile fatty acids (VFA) was considered to be important for microbial community structure in the compost. After the VFA had disappeared, the NO3–N concentration increased and the cellulose degrading bacteria such as Cytophaga increased in number.

Abbreviations: DGGE, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis • VFA, volatile fatty acids • TKN, total kjeldahl nitrogen • TS, total solids • VS, volatile solids • NH3, ammonia • IPD, infrared photoacoustic detector • PCA, principal component analysis






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The SCI Journals Agronomy Journal Crop Science
Journal of Natural Resources
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Copyright © 2009 by the American Society of Agronomy, Crop Science Society of America, and Soil Science Society of America.