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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Organic Compounds in the Environment

New Measurements of Cyanobacterial Toxins in Natural Waters Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry

^a Wisconsin State Lab. of Hygiene, 2601 Agriculture Drive, Madison, WI, 53718
^b Dep. of Biological Sciences, 320 Upham Hall, Univ. of Wisconsin- Whitewater, Whitewater, WI 53190

^* Corresponding author (sonzogni{at}wisc.edu).

Received for publication July 13, 2007. The presence and levels of the cyanobacterial toxins microcystin-LR, anatoxin-a, and cylindrospermopsin were measured in various Wisconsin waters where algal nuisance or bloom conditions were noted. Out of 74 samples analyzed, 36 had detectable levels of microcystin-LR (49%), and four had detectable levels of anatoxin-a (5%). Cylindrospermopsin, the toxin produced by Cylindrospermopsis (a warm water species that has been moving its range northward, including to Wisconsin), was not detected in the field samples tested. Concentrations of microcystin-LR ranged from 1.2 to 7600 µg L^–1. Anatoxin-a ranged from 0.68 to 1750 µg L^–1, which is the highest concentration reported from around the world. Cyanobacterial toxins, because of their high potency, deserve continued scrutiny by resource managers and public health officials responsible for recreational waters.

Abbreviations: HPLC-MS/MS, high performance liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry • MRM, multiple reaction monitoring • nU, natural units • USEPA, United States Environmental Protection Agency