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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Ecological Risk Assessment

Simulating Sulfadimidine Transport in Surface Runoff and Soil at the Microplot and Field Scale

^a Swiss Federal Inst. for Aquatic Science and Technology (Eawag), Ueberlandstrasse 133, CH-8600 Duebendorf, Switzerland
^b current address: Dep. of Soil Sciences, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (SLU), P.O. Box 7014, 750 07 Uppsala, Sweden
^c Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Swiss Federal Inst. of Technology (ETH), Universitätsstrasse 16, CH-8092 Zürich, Switzerland
^d RCC, Ltd., Zelgliweg 1, 4452 Itigen, Switzerland

^* Corresponding author (Mats.Larsbo{at}mv.slu.se).

Received for publication August 15, 2007. To prevent residues of veterinary medicinal products (VMPs) from contaminating surface waters and ground water, an environmental impact assessment is required before a new product is allowed on the market. Physically based simulation models are advocated for the calculation of predicted environmental concentrations at higher tiers of the assessment process. However, the validation status of potentially useful models is poor for VMP transport. The objective of this study was to evaluate the dual-permeability model MACRO for simulation of transport of sulfonamide antibiotics in surface runoff and soil. Special focus was on effects of solute application in liquid manure, which may alter the hydraulic properties at the soil surface. To this end we used data from a microplot runoff experiment and a field experiment, both conducted on the same clay loam soil prone to preferential flow. Results showed that the model could accurately simulate concentrations of sulfadimidine and the nonreactive tracer bromide in runoff and in soil from the microplot experiments. The use of posterior parameter distributions from calibrations using the microplot data resulted in poor simulations for the field data of total sulfadimidine losses. The poor results may be due to surface runoff being instantly transferred off the field in the model, whereas in reality re-infiltration may occur. The effects of the manure application were reflected in smaller total and micropore hydraulic conductivities compared with the application in aqueous solution. These effects could easily be accounted for in regulatory modeling.

Abbreviations: EIA, environmental impact assessment • PEC, predicted environmental concentration • PNEC, predicted no-effect concentration • SDM, sulfadimidine • VMP, veterinary medicinal product