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Simultaneous Chemical and Sensory Characterization of Volatile Organic Compounds and Semi-Volatile Organic Compounds Emitted from Swine Manure using Solid Phase Microextraction and Multidimensional Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry–Olfactometry

^a Dep. of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011
^b Dep. of Chemistry, Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA 50011

^* Corresponding author (koziel{at}iastate.edu).

Received for publication September 20, 2006. Swine manure is associated with emissions of odor, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other gases that can affect air quality on local and regional scales. In this research, a solid phase microextraction (SPME) and novel multidimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry–olfactometry (MDGC-MS-O) system were used to simultaneously identify VOCs and related odors emitted from swine manure. Gas samples were extracted from manure headspace using Carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) 85-µm SPME fibers. The MDGC-MS-O system was equipped with two columns in series with a system of valves allowing transfer of samples between columns (heartcutting). The heartcuts were used to maximize the isolation, separation, and identification of compounds. The odor impact of separated compounds was evaluated by a trained panelist for character and intensity. A total of 295 compounds with molecular weights ranging from 34 to 260 were identified. Seventy one compounds had a distinct odor. Nearly 68% of the compounds for which reaction rates with OH·radicals are known had an estimated atmospheric lifetime <24 h.

Abbreviations: BP, boiling point • DT, detection threshold • FID, flame ionization detector • GC, gas chromatograph • HAP, hazardous air pollutant • HC, heartcut • HS, headspace • MSD, mass selective detector • O, olfactometry • PDMS, polydimethylsiloxane • RT, column retention time • SPME, solid phase microextraction • TIC, total ion chromatogram • VOC, volatile organic compound • VP, vapor pressure