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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Wetlands and Aquatic Processes

Phosphorus Sorbing Materials: Sorption Dynamics and Physicochemical Characteristics

^a Wor-Wic Community College, 32000 Campus Drive, Salisbury, MD 21804
^b Wetland Biogeochemistry Lab., Soil and Water Science Dep., Univ. of Florida/IFAS, 106 Newell Hall, PO BOX 110510, Gainesville, FL 32611

^* Corresponding author (ejdunne{at}ufl.edu).

Received for publication March 23, 2007. The effectiveness of various management practices to reduce phosphorus (P) loss from soil to water can potentially be improved by using by-product materials that have the capacity to sorb phosphorus. This study evaluated the P sorption and desorption potential, and the physicochemical characteristics of various phosphorus sorbing materials. Twelve materials were selected and P sorption potentials ranged between 66 and 990 mg kg^–1. Iron, and calcium drinking water treatment residuals (DWTRs), a magnesium fertilizer by-product, aluminum, and humate materials all removed substantial amounts of P from solution and desorbed little. Humate had the highest maximum P sorption capacity (S_max). Materials which had a low equilibrium P concentration (EPC₀) and a high S_max included aluminum and humate by-products. In a kinetic study, the Fe-DWTR, Ca-DWTR, aluminum, and magnesium by-product materials all removed P (to relatively low levels) from solution within 4 h. Phosphorus fractionation suggests that most materials contained little or no P that was readily available to water. Sand materials contained the greatest P fraction associated with fulvic and humic acids. In general, materials (not Ca-DWTR) and magnesium by-product were composed of sand-sized particles. There were no relationships between particle size distributions and P sorption in materials other than sands. The Ca- and Fe-DWTR, and magnesium by-product also contained plant nutrients and thus, may be desirable as soil amendments after being used to sorb P. Further, using Ca-DWTRs and Fe-DWTRs as soil amendments may also increase soil cation exchange and water holding capacity.

Abbreviations: AAS, absorption spectrophotometry • DWTRs, drinking water treatment residuals • EPC₀, equilibrium P concentration • P, phosphorus • SRP, soluble reactive phosphorus • TP, total P

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