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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Bioremediation and Biodegradation

Fungal Inoculum Properties: Extracellular Enzyme Expression and Pentachlorophenol Removal by New Zealand Trametes Species in Contaminated Field Soils

^a Environment and Risk Management Group, HortResearch, PO Box 51, Lincoln, New Zealand
^b Quality Systems, HortResearch, Ruakura, Private Bag 3123, Hamilton
^c Centre for Soil and Environmental Quality, PO Box 94, Lincoln Univ., Canterbury, New Zealand

^* Corresponding author (mwalter{at}hortresearch.co.nz).

Received for publication January 3, 2007. This study was conducted to improve the ability of indigenous New Zealand white-rot fungi to remove pentachlorophenol (PCP) from contaminated field soil. The effects of different bioaugmentation conditions on PCP removal and extracellular enzyme expression were measured in the laboratory. The conditions were fungal growth substrate and co-substrate composition, culture age, and Tween 80 addition to the contaminated soil. The fungi used were Trametes versicolor isolate HR131 and Trametes sp. isolate HR577. Maximum PCP removal was 70% after 7 wk from a 1043 mg kg^–1 PCP-contaminated soil inoculated with an 11-d-old fungal culture of T. versicolor isolate HR131. There was minimal production of undesirable pentachloroanisole by the fungi. Tween 80 addition had no affect on PCP removal. Poplar sawdust was more suitable as a fungal growth substrate and a co-substrate amendment for PCP removal and extracellular enzyme expression than the locally available pine and fir sawdust. Pentachlorophenol removal was not necessarily correlated with extracellular enzyme expression. The research results demonstrate that PCP biodegradation was affected by inoculum culture age, by the presence of a co-substrate amendment, and by growth substrate composition after white-rot fungal bioaugmentation into PCP-contaminated field soils.

Abbreviations: F7, pine sawdust coarse corn grits formulation • F8, pine sawdust kibbled rye formulation • F9, pine sawdust kibbled rye starch formulation • F10, pine sawdust rye flour formulation • F13, poplar sawdust kibbled rye formulation • F14, poplar sawdust corn grits formulation • F15, Douglas fir sawdust corn grits formulation • F26, Douglas fir sawdust • F27, poplar sawdust • IANZ, International Accreditation New Zealand • MEA, malt extra agar • MnP, manganese peroxidase • PCA, pentachloroanisole • PCP, pentachlorophenol • SAFI, co-substrate amendment and fungal inoculum • TPH, total petroleum hydrocarbons • U, one international unit of enzyme as the amount that catalyzes the formation of one micromole of product in 1 min