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Prediction of Microbial Accessibility of Carbon-14-Phenanthrene in Soil in the Presence of Pyrene or Benzo[a]pyrene using an Aqueous Cyclodextrin Extraction Technique

^a Dep. of Environmental Science, Inst. of Environmental and Natural Science, Lancaster Univ., Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK
^b School of Environmental Sciences, Univ. of East Anglia, Norwich NR4 7TJ, UK

^* Corresponding author (k.semple{at}lancaster.ac.uk).

Received for publication October 27, 2006. Traditionally, solvent extractions are routinely used in the assessment of contaminated land. However, vigorous solvent extractions only give total concentrations rather than that relating to the bioaccessible fraction. Recently, less harsh, aqueous-based extraction methods have been shown to be a better estimate of the microbial degradation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). The aqueous-based hydroxypropyl-ß-cyclodextrin (HPCD) extraction technique was tested using ¹⁴C-PAHs in soils and compared against indigenous microbial mineralization (a measure of bioaccessibility) of ¹⁴C-phenanthrene in the presence of pyrene or benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P) over a range of concentrations (0, 5, 10, or 50 mg kg^–1) and aged for 0, 25, 50, and 100 d in four soils. At each time point, the total loss, extractability, and mineralization of ¹⁴C-phenanthrene was measured in each of the soils. The presence of the other PAHs had little effect on the behavior of ¹⁴C-phenanthrene in any of the soils. Comparisons between the amounts of ¹⁴C-phenanthrene extracted using HPCD and mineralized were made and showed that there was a correlation (1:1). This study demonstrates that HPCD extraction is able to predict the microbial accessibility fraction of ¹⁴C-phenanthrene in the presence of other PAHs in a range of soils, further supporting the applicability of this technique.