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a Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection & Food Research Centre, 1391 Sandford Street, London, ON, Canada N5V 4T3
b Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection & Food Research Centre, Delhi, ON, Canada, N4B 2W9
c Agriculture & Agri-Food Canada, Eastern Cereal Oilseed Research Centre, 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, ON K1A 0C6
* Corresponding author (ballb{at}agr.gc.ca)
Received for publication August 3, 2006. The quality of water draining fields fertilized with liquid swine (Sus scrofa) manure (LSM) sidedressed into standing corn (Zea mays L.) at rates ranging from 0 to 94 m3 ha–1, either topdressed (TD) onto the surface, or injected (INJ) into the soil once annually for each of three consecutive years was evaluated. Liquid swine manure application rate was a critical driver of preferential flow of LSM to tile as detected by turbidity, concentrations of NH4+–N, dissolved reactive phosphorus (DRP), and the presence of enteric bacteria (Escherichia coli). Contaminant movement to drains occurred immediately after 75 and 94 m3 LSM ha–1 were injected (e.g., 2.5 mg DRP L–1, 3-yr average). With injection of 56 m3 ha–1 or less, drainage water was not turbid and concentrations of NH4+–N, DRP, and enteric bacteria were dramatically lower than with the higher rates, even when tiles flowed freely during manure application. Application method also affected tile water quality. With TD applications (37 and 56 m3 ha–1), nutrients and bacteria did not move to tiles at the time of application, but with rains that fell within 3 d after application, concentrations increased (e.g., 0.1 mg DRP L–1), although less than with INJ. Overall, sidedress injection rates that supplied adequate crop nutrients did not compromise drainage water quality.
Abbreviations: DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • INJ, inject • LSM, liquid swine manure • TD, topdress
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