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Phosphorus Leaching from Cow Manure Patches on Soil Columns

Alterra, Wageningen University and Research Centre (WUR), P.O. Box 47, 6700 AA, Wageningen, the Netherlands

^* Corresponding author (wim.chardon{at}wur.nl)

Received for publication May 9, 2006. The loss of P in overland flow or leachate from manure patches can impair surface water quality. We studied leaching of P from 10-cm-high lysimeters filled with intact grassland soil or with acid-washed sand. A manure patch was created on two grassland and two sand-filled lysimeters, and an additional two grass lysimeters served as blanks. Lysimeters were leached in the laboratory during 234 d with a diluted salt solution, and column effluent was passed through a 0.45-µm filter, analyzed for pH, dissolved reactive P (DRP), and total dissolved P (TDP). At the end of the experiment lysimeter soil was sampled and analyzed for pH, available P, and oxalate-extractable P, Fe, and Al. The concentration of TDP in the effluent from the sand column increased to 25 mg L^–1 during the first weeks and remained above 10 mg L^–1 during the rest of the percolation. In effluent from grass + patch lysimeters TDP gradually increased to 4 mg L^–1. Both in the manure and in the effluent of the sand lysimeter P was found mainly in the form of DRP, but in the effluent from the grass lysimeters was found mainly as dissolved unreactive P (DUP = TDP – DRP). Earthworm activity was responsible for decomposition of the manure patch on the grass lysimeters. Manure patches and their remains were found to be a long-term source of high concentrations of P in leachates. Spreading of patches after a grazing period could reduce their possible negative impacts on the environment.

Abbreviations: DM, dry matter • DRP, dissolved (0.45-µm filtrate) molybdate reactive P • DUP, dissolved unreactive P (= TDP – DRP) • ICP, inductively coupled plasma • P-AL, P extracted in acid ammonium lactate • Pw, water-extractable P • P-ox, oxalate-extractable P • Fe-ox, oxalate-extractable Fe • Al-ox, oxalate-extractable Al • TDP, total dissolved P • TP, total P

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