HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Miller, D. N. Articles by Woodbury, B. L. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Miller, D. N. Articles by Woodbury, B. L. Agricola Articles by Miller, D. N. Articles by Woodbury, B. L. Related Collections Volatile Organic Compounds Air Pollution Animal Waste

TECHNICAL REPORTS

A Solid-Phase Microextraction Chamber Method for Analysis of Manure Volatiles

USDA-ARS, U.S. Meat Animal Research Center, P.O. Box 166, Clay Center, NE 68933. D.N. Miller, current address: USDA, ARS, Soil and Water Conservation Research Unit, 121 Keim Hall, East Campus, Lincoln, NE 68583

^* Corresponding author (dmiller15{at}unl.edu)

Received for publication February 15, 2006. Odors from livestock operations are a complex mixture of volatile carbon, sulfur, and nitrogen compounds. Currently, detailed volatiles analysis is both time consuming and requires specialized equipment and methods. This work describes a new method that utilizes a dynamic flux chamber, solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy (GC–MS) to describe and compare the odorous compounds emitted from cattle and swine feces. Evaluation of method parameters produced a protocol for comparing relative emissions based on fixed sample temperature (20°C) and exposed surface area (approximately 523 cm²), air flow rates (1 L min^–1 or 16 cm s^–1), SPME exposure time (5 min), and chamber cleaning procedures (70% ethanol rinse and drying for 30 min at 105°C) to minimize cross-contamination between samples. A variety of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) including alcohols, volatile fatty acids, aromatic ring compounds, ketones, esters, and sulfides were routinely detected and the relative emissions from fresh and incubated (37°C overnight) swine and cattle feces were compared as a measure of potential to produce odorants during manure storage. Differences in the types and relative quantities of volatiles emitted were detected when animal species (cattle or swine), diet, fecal incubation, or sample storage conditions (20, 4, or –20°C) were varied.

Abbreviations: DM, dry matter • GC, gas chromatography • IC, ion current • MS, mass spectroscopy • OM, organic matter • SPME, solid-phase microextraction • VFA, volatile fatty acids • VOC, volatile organic compounds

This article has been cited by other articles:

				B. L. Woodbury, S. M. Lesch, R. A. Eigenberg, D. N. Miller, and M. J. Spiehs Electromagnetic Induction Sensor Data to Identify Areas of Manure Accumulation on a Feedlot Surface Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., October 21, 2009; 73(6): 2068 - 2077. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				A. Shabtay, U. Ravid, A. Brosh, R. Baybikov, H. Eitam, and Y. Laor Dynamics of offensive gas-phase odorants in fresh and aged feces throughout the development of beef cattle J Anim Sci, May 1, 2009; 87(5): 1835 - 1848. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				Y.-C. M. Lo, J. A. Koziel, L. Cai, S. J. Hoff, W. S. Jenks, and H. Xin Simultaneous chemical and sensory characterization of volatile organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds emitted from swine manure using solid phase microextraction and multidimensional gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-olfactometry. J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2008; 37(2): 521 - 534. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]