HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS		QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced] Author: Keyword(s): Year:  Vol:  Page:

This Article Figures Only Full Text Free Full Text (PDF) Free Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Services Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in Web of Science Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via HighWire Citing Articles via Web of Science (11) Citing Articles via Google Scholar Google Scholar Articles by Gao, S. Articles by Trout, T. J. Search for Related Content PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Gao, S. Articles by Trout, T. J. Agricola Articles by Gao, S. Articles by Trout, T. J. Related Collections Fumigation Laboratory Column Studies Volatile Organic Compounds Organic Compounds

TECHNICAL REPORTS

Organic Compounds in the Environment

Using Surface Water Application to Reduce 1,3-Dichloropropene Emission from Soil Fumigation

^a USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA 93648
^b USDA-ARS, Water Management Research Unit, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8119

^* Corresponding author (sgao{at}fresno.ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication August 31, 2005. High emissions from soil fumigants increase the risk of detrimental impact on workers, bystanders, and the environment, and jeopardize future availability of fumigants. Efficient and cost-effective approaches to minimize emissions are needed. This study evaluated the potential of surface water application (or water seal) to reduce 1,3-dichloropropene (1,3-D) emissions from soil (Hanford sandy loam) columns. Treatments included dry soil (control), initial water application (8 mm of water just before fumigant application), initial plus a second water application (2.6 mm) at 12 h, initial plus two water applications (2.6 mm each time) at 12 and 24 h, standard high density polyethylene (HDPE) tarp, initial water application plus HDPE tarp, and virtually impermeable film (VIF) tarp. Emissions from the soil surface and distribution of 1,3-D in the soil-gas phase were monitored for 2 wk. Each water application abruptly reduced 1,3-D emission flux, which rebounded over a few hours. Peak emission rates were substantially reduced, but total emission reduction was small. Total fumigant emission was 51% of applied for the control, 46% for initial water application only, and 41% for the three intermittent water applications with the remaining water treatment intermediate. The HDPE tarp alone resulted in 45% emission, while initial water application plus HDPE tarp resulted in 38% emission. The most effective soil surface treatment was VIF tarp (10% emission). Surface water application can be as effective, and less expensive than, standard HDPE tarp. Frequent water application is required to substantially reduce emissions.

Abbreviations: 1,3-D, 1,3-dichloropropene • HDPE, high density polyethylene • MeBr, methyl bromide • MITC, methyl isothiocyanate • VIF, virtually impermeable film

This article has been cited by other articles:

				J. A. McDonald, S. Gao, R. Qin, B. D. Hanson, T. J. Trout, and D. Wang Effect of Water Seal on Reducing 1,3-Dichloropropene Emissions from Different Soil Textures J. Environ. Qual., February 25, 2009; 38(2): 712 - 718. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				M. Guo and S. Gao Degradation of Methyl Iodide in Soil: Effects of Environmental Factors J. Environ. Qual., February 6, 2009; 38(2): 513 - 519. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Gao, T. J. Trout, and S. Schneider Evaluation of Fumigation and Surface Seal Methods on Fumigant Emissions in an Orchard Replant Field J. Environ. Qual., March 1, 2008; 37(2): 369 - 377. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

				S. Gao and T. J. Trout Surface Seals Reduce 1,3-Dichloropropene and Chloropicrin Emissions in Field Tests J. Environ. Qual., January 9, 2007; 36(1): 110 - 119. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]