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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Predicting Phosphorus Availability from Soil-Applied Composted and Non-Composted Cattle Feedlot Manure

^a Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research Centre, 5403 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4B1
^b Land Resource Unit, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK, Canada S7N 5A8
^c Department of Soil Science, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada R3T 2N2
^d Alberta Agriculture, Food and Rural Development, 5401 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, AB, Canada T1J 4V6

^* Corresponding author (larney{at}agr.gc.ca)

Received for publication October 26, 2005. Prediction of phosphorus (P) availability from soil-applied composts and manure is important for agronomic and environmental reasons. This study utilized chemical properties of eight composted and two non-composted beef cattle (Bos taurus) manures to predict cumulative phosphorus uptake (CPU) during a 363-d controlled environment chamber bioassay. Ten growth cycles of canola (Brassica napus L.) were raised in pots containing 2 kg of a Dark Brown Chernozemic clay loam soil (fine-loamy, mixed, Typic Haploboroll) mixed with 0.04 kg of the amendments. Inorganic P fertilizer (KH₂PO₄) and an unamended control were included for comparison. All treatments received a nutrient solution containing an adequate supply of all essential nutrients, except P, which was supplied by the amendments. Cumulative P uptake was similar for composted (74 mg kg^–1 soil) and non-composted manures (60 mg kg^–1 soil) and for the latter and the fertilizer (40 mg kg^–1 soil). However, the CPU was significantly higher for organic amendments than the control (24 mg kg^–1 soil) and for composted manure than the fertilizer. Apparent phosphorus recovery (APR) from composted manure (24%) was significantly lower than that from non-composted manure (33%), but there was no significant difference in APR between the organic amendments and the fertilizer (27%). Partial least squares (PLS) regression indicated that only two parameters [total water-extractable phosphorus (TP_H2O) and total phosphorus (TP) concentration of amendments] were adequate to model amendment-derived cumulative phosphorus uptake (ACPU), explaining 81% of the variation in ACPU. These results suggest that P availability from soil-applied composted and non-composted manures can be adequately predicted from a few simple amendment chemical measurements. Accurate prediction of P availability and plant P recovery may help tailor manure and compost applications to plant needs and minimize the buildup of bioavailable P, which can contribute to eutrophication of sensitive aquatic systems.

Abbreviations: ACPU, amendment-derived cumulative phosphorus uptake • APR, apparent phosphorus recovery • CPU, cumulative phosphorus uptake • MKP, modified Kelowna-extractable phosphorus • OLS, ordinary least squares • OM, organic matter • P_i, inorganic phosphorus • P_iH2O, total water-extractable inorganic phosphorus • P_iHCl, total HCl-extractable inorganic phosphorus • P_iHCO3, total NaHCO₃–extractable inorganic phosphorus • P_iNaOH, total NaOH-extractable inorganic phosphorus • PLS, partial least squares • P_o, organic phosphorus • P_oH2O, total water-extractable organic phosphorus • P_oHCl, total HCl-extractable organic phosphorus • P_oHCO3, total NaHCO₃–extractable organic phosphorus • P_oNaOH, total NaOH-extractable organic phosphorus • P_res, residual phosphorus • PRESS, predicted residual sum of squares • SBM, straw-bedded manure • TC, total carbon • TP, total phosphorus • TP_H2O, total water-extractable phosphorus • TP_HCl, total HCl-extractable phosphorus • TP_HCO3, total NaHCO₃–extractable phosphorus • TP_i, total inorganic phosphorus • TP_NaOH, total NaOH-extractable phosphorus • TP_o, total organic phosphorus • VIP, variable importance on prediction • WBM, wood chip–bedded manure