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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Effect of Manure Application Timing, Crop, and Soil Type on Nitrate Leaching

^a Department of Crop and Soil Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853
^b University of Lome, Ecole Superieure d'Agronomie, B.P. 1515 Lome, Togo

^* Corresponding author (hmv1{at}cornell.edu)

Received for publication May 1, 2005. Timing of manure application affects N leaching. This 3-yr study quantified N losses from liquid manure application on two soils, a Muskellunge clay loam and a Stafford loamy sand, as affected by cropping system and timing of application. Dairy manure was applied at an annual rate of 93 800 L ha^–1 on replicated drained plots under continuous maize (Zea mays L.) in early fall, late fall, early spring, and as a split application in early and late spring. Variable rates of supplemental sidedress N fertilizer were applied as needed. Manure was applied on orchardgrass (Dactylis glomerata L.) in split applications in early fall and late spring, and early and late spring, with supplemental N fertilizer topdressed as NH₄NO₃ in early spring at 75 kg N ha^–1. Drain water was sampled at least weekly when lines were flowing. Three-year FWM (flow-weighted mean) NO₃–N concentrations on loamy sand soil averaged 2.5 times higher (12.7 mg L^–1) than those on clay loam plots (5.2 mg L^–1), and those for fall applications on maize-cropped land averaged >10 mg L^–1 on the clay loam and >20 mg L^–1 on the loamy sand. Nitrate–N concentrations among application seasons followed the pattern early fall > late fall > early spring = early + late spring. For grass, average NO₃–N concentrations from manure application remained well below 10 mg L^–1. Fall manure applications on maize show high NO₃–N leaching risks, especially on sandy soils, and manure applications on grass pose minimal leaching concern.

Abbreviations: FWM, flow-weighted mean • MCL, maximum contaminant level • PSNT, pre-sidedress nitrate test

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