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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Ammonia Emissions from Swine Waste Lagoons in the Utah Great Basin

^a Southern Piedmont Conservation Research Unit - JPCSNRCC, USDA-ARS, 1420 Experiment Station Road, Watkinsville, GA 30677
^b K.H. Weaver and R.A. Dotson (retired), Division of Chemistry, Southern Utah University, Cedar City, UT 84720

^* Corresponding author (lharper{at}uga.edu, lowry.harper{at}gmail.com)

Received for publication July 16, 2004. In animal production systems (poultry, beef, and swine), current production, storage, and disposal techniques present a challenge to manage wastes to minimize the emissions of trace gases within relatively small geographical areas. Physical and chemical parameters were measured on primary and secondary lagoons on three different swine farming systems, three replicates each, in the Central Great Basin of the United States to determine ammonia (NH₃) emissions. Nutrient concentrations, lagoon water temperature, and micrometeorological data from these measurements were used with a published process model to calculate emissions. Annual cycling of emissions was determined in relation to climatic factors and wind speed was found the predominating factor when the lagoon temperatures were above about 3°C. Total NH₃ emissions increased in the order of smallest to largest: nursery, sow, and finisher farms. However, emissions on an animal basis increased from nursery animals being lowest to sow animals being highest. When emissions were compared to the amount of nitrogen (N) fed to the animals, NH₃ emissions from sows were lowest with emissions from finisher animals highest. Ammonia emissions were compared to similar farm production systems in the humid East of the United States and found to be similar for finisher animals but had much lower emissions than comparable humid East sow production. Published estimates of NH₃ emissions from lagoons ranged from 36 to 70% of feed input (no error range) compared to our emissions determined from a process model of 9.8% with an estimated range of ±4%.

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