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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Environmental Load of Cryptosporidium parvum Oocysts from Cattle Manure in Feedlots from the Central and Western United States

^a Veterinary Medicine Teaching and Research Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of California-Davis, Tulare, CA 93274
^b USDA, Tulare, CA 93274
^c Animal Disease Research and Diagnostic Laboratory, South Dakota State Univ., Brookings, SD 57007
^d College of Veterinary Medicine, Oklahoma State Univ., Stillwater, OK 74075
^e USDA, Austin, TX 78701
^f USDA, Olympia, WA 98502
^g Center for National Animal Health Surveillance, USDA, Fort Collins, CO 80526-8117
^h Dep. of Medicine and Epidemiology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Univ. of California, Davis, CA 95616

^* Corresponding author (ratwill{at}vmtrc.ucdavis.edu)

Received for publication March 16, 2005. The first step in assessing the risk of water contamination by Cryptosporidium parvum oocysts from feedlot cattle (Bos taurus) production systems is to quantify the number of C. parvum oocysts present in the fecal material deposited by feedlot cattle. Our primary objective for this project was to estimate the daily environmental load of C. parvum oocysts in fecal material deposited by feedlot cattle from across the central and western USA. Our secondary goal was to genotype isolates of C. parvum from feedlot cattle to help facilitate proper identification of mammalian sources of waterborne C. parvum. Based on 5274 fecal samples from 22 feedlots in seven states (California, Washington, Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas, Nebraska, and South Dakota), we estimated a point prevalence of C. parvum of 0.99 to 1.08% in fecal material from feedlot pens from a wide range of climates and a diverse range of feedlot management systems. On average, fresh fecal material from throughout feedlot systems (recent arrivals to nearing slaughter) contained about 1.3 to 3.6 oocysts/g feces, which roughly translates to about 2.8 x 10⁴ to 1.4 x 10⁵ oocysts/animal perday.

Key Words: DFA, direct immunofluorescent microscopy • IMS-DFA, immunomagnetic bead separation followed by direct immunofluorescent microscopy

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