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TECHNICAL REPORTS

Waste Management

Reduction of Malodorous Compounds from a Treated Swine Anaerobic Lagoon

^a USDA-ARS, Animal Waste Management Res. Unit, 230 Bennett Lane, Bowling Green, KY 42104
^b USDA-ARS, Coastal Plains Soil, Water and Plant Res. Center, 2611 West Lucas Street, Florence, SC 9501-1242

^* Corresponding author (jloughrin{at}ars.usda.gov)

Received for publication January 31, 2005. There is a need for treatment technologies that can eliminate environmental problems associated with anaerobic lagoons. These technologies must be able to capture nutrients, kill pathogens, and reduce emissions of ammonia and nuisance odors. To meet these needs, a full-scale wastewater treatment plant was installed as a demonstration project on one of three 4360-pig (Sus scrofa) production units in a finishing farm in Duplin County, North Carolina. Once the treatment plant was operational, flow of raw manure into the unit's corresponding lagoon was discontinued and the lagoon was used to store treated wastewater. Water quality was monitored in the converted lagoon and in the two conventional lagoons. A gas chromatographic method was developed to measure concentration of five selected malodorous compounds (phenol, p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, indole, and skatole) in liquid lagoon samples. Dramatic improvements in the water quality parameters TKN, NH₃–N, solids, COD, and BOD in the converted waste lagoon paralleled reductions in malodorous compounds. Nine months after conversion, identified malodorous compounds in liquid extractions averaged 6.6 and 38.8 ng mL^–1 in water from the converted lagoon and the conventional lagoons, respectively. The reduction was particularly marked for p-cresol, 4-ethylphenol, and skatole, all of which make important contributions to swine waste odors due to their characteristic odors and low detection thresholds.

Abbreviations: BOD, biological oxygen demand • COD, chemical oxygen demand • EST, environmentally superior technology • GC-MS, gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy • NH₃–N, ammonia nitrogen • TKN, total Kjeldahl nitrogen • TS, total solids • TSS, total suspended solids • VSS, volatile suspended solids