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Phosphorus Workshop

Use of Drinking Water Treatment Residuals as a Potential Best Management Practice to Reduce Phosphorus Risk Index Scores

School of Natural Resources, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210

^* Corresponding author (Dayton.15{at}osu.edu)

Received for publication March 7, 2005. The P risk index system has been developed to identify agricultural fields vulnerable to P loss as a step toward protecting surface water. Because of their high Langmuir phosphorus adsorption maxima (P_max), use of drinking water treatment residuals (WTRs) should be considered as a best management practice (BMP) to lower P risk index scores. This work discusses three WTR application methods that can be used to reduce P risk scores: (i) enhanced buffer strip, (ii) incorporation into a high soil test phosphorus (STP) soil, and (iii) co-blending with manure or biosolids. The relationship between WTR P_max and reduction in P extractability and runoff P was investigated. In a simulated rainfall experiment, using a buffer strip enhanced with 20 Mg WTR ha^–1, runoff P was reduced by from 66.8 to 86.2% and reductions were related to the WTR P_max. When 25 g kg^–1 WTR was incorporated into a high STP soil of 315 mg kg^–1 determined using Mehlich-3 extraction, 0.01 M calcium chloride–extractable phosphorus (CaCl₂–P) reductions ranged from 60.9 to 96.0% and were strongly (P < 0.01) related to WTR P_max. At a 100 g kg^–1 WTR addition, Mehlich 3–extractable P reductions ranged from 41.1 to 86.7% and were strongly (P < 0.01) related to WTR P_max. Co-blending WTR at 250 g kg^–1 to manure or biosolids reduced CaCl₂–P by >75%. The WTR P_max normalized across WTR application rates (P_max x WTR application) was significantly related to reductions in CaCl₂–P or STP. Using WTR as a P risk index modifying factor will promote effective use of WTR as a BMP to reduce P loss from agricultural land.

Abbreviations: Al_ox, acid ammonium oxalate–extractable aluminum • BMP, best management practice • CaCl₂–P, 0.01 M calcium chloride–extractable phosphorus • CAFO, concentrated animal feeding operation • DRP, dissolved reactive phosphorus • Fe_ox, acid ammonium oxalate–extractable iron • P_max, Langmuir phosphorus adsorption maximum • STP, soil test phosphorus • WTR, drinking water treatment residual

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